Countries that require yellow fever vaccine

Moreover, countries cannot require proof of revaccination (booster) against yellow fever as a condition of entry, even if the last vaccination was years prior. Check visa requirements , application forms and more for trips to Comoros Islands: Congo (Brazzaville) YES! See full list on traveldocs.

Many countries that do not require yellow fever vaccination for entry, do require proof of the yellow fever vaccine if coming from an infected region. The vaccine is recommended for travel outside urban areas especially in yellow fever endemic zones.

To prevent the international spread of the disease by protecting countries from the risk of importing or spreading the yellow fever virus. These are requirements established by the country. Although reported cases of human disease are the principal indicator of disease risk, case reports may be absent because of a low level of transmission, a high level of immunity in the population (because of vaccination, for example), or failure of local surveillance systems to detect cases. Since “epidemiologic silence” does not mean absence of risk, travelers should not go into endemic areas without taking protective measures.

YF virus transmission in rural West Africa is seasonal, with an elevated risk during the end of the rainy season and the beginning of the dry season (usually July–October). YF virus episodically, even during the dry season, in both rural and densely settled urban. Most people infected with YF virus likely do not seek medical attention because they have minimal or no symptoms.

For people who develop symptomatic illness, the incubation period is typically 3–days.

Most patients improve after the initial presentation. The case-fatality ratio for severe cases is –. The preliminary diagnosis is based on the patient’s clinical features and exposure details. Laboratory diagnosis is best performed by: 1. Virus isolation or nucleic acid amplification tests performed early in the illness for YF virus or YF viral RNA. By the time more overt symptoms are recognize the virus or viral RNA may no longer be detectable.

Therefore, virus isolation and nucleic acid amplification should not be used to rule out a diagnosis of YF. Serologic assays to detect virus-specific IgM and IgG antibodies. Because of cross-reactivity between antibodies raised against other flaviviruses, more specific antibody testing, such as a plaque reduction neutralization test, should be performed to confirm the infection. Rest, fluids, and use of analgesics and antipyretics may relieve symptoms of aching and fever.

YF is a nationally notifiable disease. Care should be taken to avoid medications such as aspirin or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, which may increase the risk for bleeding. Infected people should be protected from further mosquito exposure (by staying indoors or under a mosquito net) during the first few days of illness, so they do not contribute to the transmission cycle. All YF vaccines currently manufactured are live attenuated viral vaccines. Only one YF vaccine (YF-Vax, Sanofi Pasteur) is licensed for use in the United States (Table 4-25).

Talk to your healthcare provider to determine if you need a yellow fever vaccination or a booster shot before your trip to an area at risk for yellow fever. Vaccine is recommended for people aged months or older and who are traveling to or living in areas at risk for yellow fever virus in Africa and South America.

Vaccination requirements and recommendations for specific countries are available on the CDC Travelers’ Health page. Learn how to prevent Fever with advices from Doctors and Patients. The yellow fever vaccine is very safe and effective and is recommended for adults and children over months who will be traveling to high-risk areas.

Some countries require proof of yellow fever inoculation for entry. Other countries may also require proof of vaccination if the traveler is coming from a high risk country. When you get vaccinate ask for an International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis, which is proof that you have been vaccinated. The certificate is valid starting days after you get the vaccine. For any country with a risk of yellow fever , the vaccine is highly recommended for any traveler over months old.

For some countries at a higher risk, that recommendation becomes a requirement. After receiving the vaccine travelers receive a stamped signed and stamped International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis. Vaccination is recommended for persons over months of age travelling to or living in endemic areas.

The vaccine affords long term protection. A list of the countries that require yellow fever vaccination is published by the WHO. Yellow Fever is a vaccine preventable disease. If the vaccination cannot be given for some reason, dispensation may be possible. In this case, an exemption certificate issued by a WHO-approved vaccination center is required.

The entry requirements for yellow fever vaccination differ markedly from country to country depending upon their relative risk exposure to the disease. The Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFAT) web site lists contact details for diplomatic representatives of various foreign governments.